Whither Social Marketing?

Periodically, existential questions about the field of social marketing crop up on the Social Marketing Listserv. Are we more about marketing? Are we more social science? Where do communications fit in? How do we define the field? How do we even define the term “social marketing?” Heated discussions come and go, cropping up fairly regularly from year to year.

The field has a few pieces of infrastructure, including a journal, the listserv (which Alan Andreasen just reported has 1476 members from at least 31 countries), and a couple of conferences (the annual Social Marketing in Public Health conference and the less frequent Innovations in Social Marketing conference). I have been frustrated, though, that there is no formal professional association for social marketers.

At the ISM conference last month, an evening was devoted to discussing what the future of social marketing should look like. Greg Niblett of the Academy for Educational Development (the conference chair) and Michael Rothschild of the University of Wisconsin led the discussion. Some questions they posed included whether we need to first agree on a definition of what social marketing is, and who is a social marketer? What/who would be included or excluded?

What should a social marketing membership association look like — a chapter of the American Marketing Association? A resuscitated Social Marketing Institute? A new, standalone Social Marketing Association?

Should we create some sort of credentialing program that would certify people as possessing the necessary skills to do social marketing? Could we ever agree on what those criteria should be, and can we justify excluding people who may not have formal training but are excellent social marketers? Is social marketing an exclusive field of those who toe the clearly defined line, or should it be inclusive and encouraging of people from other disciplines to join us in our broadly ranging activities?

All of these are important questions, and not surprisingly, most everyone had very strong opinions, with often conflicting visions and prescriptions. I tend toward being as inclusive as possible of who can or should be doing social marketing, while at the same time being clear on how an effective social marketing program should be carried out. It’s the difference between the craftsman and the tools. Social marketing is an amalgam of so many different disciplines that we need to recognize that there is more than one path to transcendence. The field benefits from the melting pot of marketers, health educators, communicators, anthropologists, designers and random social agitators that come to it.

On the question of how a professional association should be structured, I lean toward an independent, standalone organization rather than affiliating with the American Marketing Association. I think that the field is not just another subset of marketing, and many practitioners would not be interested in joining the AMA to be part of the social marketing chapter. We’d likely be cutting out many of the people who come from the public health or social issue sides of social marketing, who would not be comfortable calling themselves marketers.

How to get this association off the ground was a big question that hung in the air, dampened by several people who felt that the need for funding obviated any possibility that this type of organization could sustain itself. Countering this negativity was the announcement later that evening that at least 11 of the organizations present at the conference had made a financial commitment to step up to the plate and fund this new organization. I would love to be a part of it, and hope that this time we have enough critical mass to support an ongoing association devoted to furthering the practice and promotion of the field of social marketing, we just need to be super careful with this, as managing a planning a business like the ones may required some professional help and some financial seminars courses.
What do you think about the future of the field? What should social marketing look like in the next decade?

Photo Credit: William Couch

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The Tip Jar – 5/13/07

Welcome to the Mother’s Day edition of the Tip Jar. I was awoken at 6:20 this morning by my sweet and well-meaning son bringing me a bowl of Fiber One cereal and milk balanced on a paper plate for breakfast in bed. I swallowed down as much of the cardboard-flavored cereal as I could and went back to sleep. The day only got better from there. I hope the rest of you mothers had as wonderful a Mothers Day as I did.

I missed a week or so of blogging while my sister and her family visited from Israel (they were supposed to come in April, but the baby got chicken pox just before the flight). They stayed in my office, so I didn’t have as much access to my computer, but I did get more sleep than usual. Funny how that worked out.

Here are some of the things I am catching up on blogging about:

  • The Wall Street Journal wrote about how the town of Somerville, Massachusetts has attacked child obesity with a community-wide transformation (see text of article here under 5/10/07 entry). Researchers at Tufts focused on changing the environment in which children make their eating and physical activity choices. They repainted crosswalks and deployed school crossing guards along a designated route, which resulted in a 5% increase in the number of children who walk to school. The schools changed the freshness and fiber content of the foods they offered. Teachers taught a nutrition and exercise curriculum designed by Tufts that included things like taste tests and healthy recipe contests. Beyond the schools, restaurants offered low-fat substitutes and smaller portions, the City sponsored health fairs, a pedometer giveaway and a community fun run, and other activities. After eight months of the program, the average Somerville second grader gained about one less pound than a similar child at schools in the control communities. It’s a modest start, but over time could add up to a big difference.
  • Also in the WSJ is an article about how organizations can now offer their own branded cellphone service. For example, the National Wildlife Federation mobile service includes nature sound ringtones, updates on environmental news, and eventually will connect users with their political representatives with the touch of a button. Nearly 900 organizations have signed up with Sonopia to create their own service with customized features for their constituents. This could also be used, for example, to provide people with diabetes a comprehensive service to track their blood sugar, receive testing and medication reminders, communicate with diabetes specialists and even get ringtones like “Sugar, Sugar” or “Hit Me with your Best Shot” (groan).
  • A couple of interesting things from Anastasia at Ypulse: The Rescue Social Change Group takes a influencer-based angle on promoting substance-free parties by identifying the cool kids who are the biggest partiers and getting them to host huge, hip alcohol- and smoke-free parties sponsored by the campaign. She also reports that teen virtual world Habbo Hotel is teaming up with Sexwise, a free confidential hotline for UK teens, on the RU Thinking campaign. Trained advisors will be offering group and one-on-one relationship advice sessions within the Habbo world over the next three months.
  • Heather at Aspiration provides an overview of GIS mapping software for nonprofits, with an excellent guide to resources for mapping data at the local level to assist with planning interventions.
  • There’s another new social issue social networking community out there called Spangy. Their twist is that the site breaks its communities into five age groups, with customized information geared towards the key interests of each age (e.g., the section for ages 30-44 focuses more on issues like child and family health and ages 60-74 focuses on leaving a legacy through areas like microfinance and building community infrastructure). Beyond that customization, I’m not sure how much it differs from something like Change.org or Zaadz.
  • The MPAA has decided to include smoking among the criteria it uses to determine a movie’s rating. Though many anti-tobacco groups had been lobbying for an automatic R rating (which prevents children under age 17 from being admitted to a movie without a parent) whenever any smoking is depicted, the MPAA will take context into consideration in the rating. They will ask three questions to determine whether smoking is an issue: (1) Is the smoking pervasive? (2) Does the film glamorize smoking? and (3) Is there an historic or other mitigating context? To me, question number 2 is the crux of whether the depiction of smoking is harmful, and I think this policy makes sense.
  • Philanthropy Journal held a bumper sticker contest for nonprofits. Take a look at the winners and entrants to get a sense of what is most effective (and what absolutely does not work) in this format. Short, simple and easy to read are all key criteria. Avoid packing in lots of text and graphics, and avoid the temptation to use acronyms that make your message cryptic to all but those who are already familiar with your organization.
  • Fard Johnmar is going to be offering a series of virtual workshops for healthcare professionals on using social media, based on his excellent e-book From Command & Control to Engage & Encourage. Each workshop is an opportunity to engage with Fard in an intimate setting, with no more than 10 participants. If you’ve been wanting to figure out how to put social media principles into practice in your healthcare organization, Fard’s your man.
  • I’m a little late on reporting this, but Nancy Schwartz has released the results of her survey of nearly 350 nonprofit communicators. The results were pretty dismal in terms of how respondents are using marketing in any kind of strategic way. Only 37% do any type of tracking of the impact of their marketing efforts, though 95% reported at least one significant marketing success (but how did they know it was successful if they weren’t tracking it?). It sounds like many organizations are groping in the dark, trying to get the word out about themselves without much of a strategic plan for how to do so.
  • Names are destiny, as well as a form of branding. For future mothers- (and fathers)-to-be, keep in mind that the name you give your baby will affect how he or she and others perceive him or herself. A recent study shows that girls who are given very feminine names are less likely to study math or physics after age 16 than those with more gender-neutral names. Also, certain types of names are perceived as “lower-status,” such as those spelled in an unusual way or including punctuation, resulting in lowered expectations by teachers. More traditional names also tend to evoke images of success, popularity or kindness over alternative names that are not as common. Of course, a child is not a product, but be kind and think through all the emotional and professional implications of the names that will be attached to your children throughout their lives (says the girl whose name is only pronounced correctly 40% of the time).
  • And on a final Mother’s Day note, Salary.com calculated that the work that a typical stay-at-home mom does is worth $138,095 a year, and a full-time working mom would earn an additional $85,939 for the work she does at home. That’s for our roles as housekeeper, cook, day care center teacher, laundry machine operator, van driver, facilities manager, janitor, computer operator, CEO and psychologist. You can calculate exactly how much your work would be compensated with this online tool. But as any mom will tell you, the love we get back is worth way more than any dollar amount.

Here’s to all the moms reading this – remember that the hard work is worth it!

Photo Credit: sealine76

Jack in the Box Snubs Corporate Responsibility

For those of you who have been following my ongoing concern that Jack in the Box continues to promote itself as the stoners’ drive-thru restaurant of choice, I recently received an update from someone involved in the campaign to get the company to be more responsible in its advertising. The letter is reprinted here with permission:

Hello, Ms. Weinreich.

We, Health Advocates Rejecting Marijuana, wanted to follow up on your Spare Change blog regarding what has become our ongoing saga of San Diego-based fast-food chain, Jack in the Box and its refusal to address our concerns about a nation-wide commercial depicting a young man stoned at the wheel and making public a more socially responsible advertising policy.

On March 22, HARM, a San Diego County-wide collaborative of public health preventionists, parents, educators, students, and law enforcement agencies, did approach the corporation with more than 2,000 personally-addressed postcards to no avail. They issued a statement that didn’t address our concerns– same as ignoring us, basically. We are re-strategizing for a new “Jack Attack” plan that includes a letter to the editor in our San Diego County paper, individual personal visits to the corporate headquarters where we leave our business cards, and more follow up with their Board of Directors. It’s a moot point that the commercial is now longer airing because their ad time expired.

We would still like to partner with Jack in the Box to develop, adopt, and make public a more socially responsible policy guiding future nationwide advertising decisions that will not target our youth with messages that trivialize drug use, nor glamorize drug use as humorous and entertaining. Our collective goal is to reduce the problems associated with the use of marijuana, especially by youth, by changing community norms and perception of its harm.

Victoria Carlborg
Media Co-Chair
Health Advocates Rejecting Marijuana (HARM)
760-407-1220, Ext. 143

Jack in the Box management has not shown any interest in listening to the concerns of the health and public safety organizations represented by HARM. If you agree with me that a commercial depicting someone driving while stoned is socially irresponsible, please send a message to Jack in the Box via the online comment form or call the CEO, Linda Lang, at (858) 571-2121 to urge the management and Board of Directors to at least meet with the organizations represented by HARM to hear their concerns. This issue is much larger than San Diego County, and perhaps some national pressure will make a difference. Please help me spread the word via email and blogs to get Jack in the Box to take some responsibility for the effects of its advertising.

Photo Credit: Roadsidepictures

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Healthcare Blogging Summit Recap

Speaking of social media, the Healthcare Blogging Summit was a lot of fun and I learned quite a bit at the same time. My notes are not detailed enough to reconstruct a summary, but John Mack of the Pharma Marketing Blog liveblogged some of the sessions, including the one I moderated on using new media to motivate behavior change (maybe I’m biased, but I thought it was the best panel of all!). The amazing people on my panel were:

Here are the links to John’s session summaries:

John also presented results of his Pharma Blogosphere reader survey in one of the panels that touched on measurement.

For me, the best part of the summit was getting to meet people I previously knew only in cyberspace — Dmitriy, Carol, Toby and Fard — as well as seeing familiar faces and meeting new friends too. The only disappointment for me was that the room was not as full as it should have been, so this was a missed opportunity for a lot of people. The next summit will be a two-day event in Chicago in September, and I hope it will attract the audience it deserves. Kudos to Dmitriy for putting this event together!

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Guerrilla Marketing Interview

One of the first marketing books I ever bought was the Guerrilla Marketing Handbook, by Jay Levinson and Seth Godin. One of the first graphic design books I ever bought was Looking Good in Print, by Roger C. Parker. Both were influential in my early career.

These two books converge as I will be interviewed by Roger for a teleconference sponsored by the Guerrilla Marketing Association this afternoon/evening (4:00 pm Pacific/7:00 pm Eastern). The teleconference is free, and will last for an hour. The recording of the interview will only be available to GMA members afterwards, but if you would like to listen in live, here’s the call-in information:

Wednesday, May 2, 2007
7:00 PM to 8:00 PM, EST
404-920-6610
192304#

Based on the promotional copy, it seems that I was booked as a speaker based on the “other” definition of social marketing, so I hope the business-based listeners won’t be disappointed. But this will be an opportunity to open people’s minds to our field as well as have fun talking about social media in relation to next-generation social marketing. If you listen in, please leave me a comment with your thoughts.

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The Tip Jar – 4/29/07


This week’s edition of the Tip Jar comes to you live from the Las Vegas Strip, where I am participating in the Healthcare Blogging Summit. I haven’t been to Las Vegas in about 15 or 20 years, and it sure has changed. What hasn’t changed is the choking clouds of smoke on the casino floors, which is definitely not endearing this city to me. I do, however, love love love the Bellagio fountains.

  • When we are thinking about how to segment our target audience, we often break them out by demographics and psychographics (how people think about things related to our issue). Forrester adds another dimension to consider — technographics, or how a population interacts with technology. Charlene Li writes about the social technographics ladder, which divides the population into a number of groups: Creators (13%), Critics (19%), Collectors (15%), Joiners (19%), Spectators (33%) and Inactives (52%). Understanding how most of your audience uses technology will help you determine how to best engage them.
  • It’s not a very sexy issue, and not many celebrities have been speaking out about it, but as Tony Blair recently announced, traffic injuries are the second leading cause of death for young men, after AIDS. Blair is calling for a global conference on the issue of road crashes, which cause 1.2 million deaths each year. Sometimes we need to be reminded that we should not ignore the mundane, readily preventable causes of death and injury. We have a long way to go in addressing the behavioral and environmental factors that increase the risk of being hurt or killed in a car.
  • Sometimes it is the most obvious things that are overlooked in trying to come up with solutions to problems. In Stockholm, schools that banned sugary foods and drinks reduced the numbers of overweight children by six percentage points in four years — from 22% to 16% — while the control group actually rose. It should not take a nutritionist to figure out that reducing access to high-calorie foods will result in reduced weight gain. Schools do not have an obligation to provide their students with junk food — in fact, it is the opposite. I hope more schools will take this report to heart.
  • Guy Kawasaki shares an interview he did with Dr. Philip Zimbardo, the researcher who conducted the infamous Stanford Prison Experiment. For those of you who never took an introductory psych class, this was a study which randomly assigned students participating in the research to the roles of either prisoner or prison guard. While it was supposed to run a two-week course, it was terminated after only six days because of the cruel and inhumane way the guards were treating the prisoners. In the interview, they explore how situational factors can influence people’s behaviors without them being aware that they are devolving. It’s very interesting both as a cautionary moral tale and for its implications for social marketing.
  • Phalligator explores some of the ways we could use a new tool called Wiffiti for health communications. It is essentially a dynamic billboard that people can send text messages to for viewing by anyone. It could be embedded in a website or enlarged as a public billboard, used at events or in educational settings.
  • Via Trent Stamp, I discovered the Gender Genie — a computer algorithm that guesses whether you are male or female based on the way you write. Though it was accurate for Trent, for four out of five of the blog posts I submitted, it said I write like a man. Oh well, at least I throw like a girl.
  • Finally, Garr Reynolds’ Presentation Zen blog is always a source of inspiration and insightful tips on how to improve my presentation skills. This week he went old school with a post on using flip charts to get your point across. We don’t always have to be high tech to be effective in our communication. Make sure you watch comedian Demetri Martin’s presentation of his “findings” to prepare for the next time you have to report on some data.

That’s it from here. More on the Healthcare Blogging Summit to come later…

Photo Credit: Sneaky G